The Human Search for Fulfillment
Human motivation is a complex interplay of needs and aspirations, ranging from the most basic requirements for survival to the pursuit of purpose and self-actualization. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs offers a framework for understanding this spectrum. This model has been thoughtfully expanded by the experienced mediator Debra Oliver, who has refined it to encompass two key categories: deficiency needs and growth needs. The former ensures survival, while the latter seeks transcendence and deeper meaning. Understanding and mediating the dynamics of these needs is essential for addressing conflicts effectively across personal, corporate, and international relationships.
Deficiency Needs: “I Want, Transactional, Competitive”
At its foundational level, Maslow’s hierarchy begins with deficiency needs—physiological, safety, love and belonging, and esteem. These are tied to survival and the avoidance of pain. Deficiency needs are transactional by nature. They reflect a state of “I want,” where the individual operates competitively, seeking to fulfill what is lacking. For example, someone hungry might compete for food resources, prioritizing their own need over cooperation or community welfare.
This framework can help us understand transactional dynamics in various domains. A company, for instance, focused solely on financial security may adopt a competitive stance in the market, aiming to outperform rivals in a zero-sum mindset. Similarly, national isolationism often stems from a desire to safeguard resources or maintain control, operating under the “deficiency” need for security, even at the cost of mutual cooperation with other nations.
Deficiency needs, while critical for survival, are limited by their obstructive focus on scarcity. They can fuel conflict, as they prioritize individual or group gains over shared well-being. These needs whisper fears—of loss, deprivation, or disconnection—that often underlie disputes.
Growth Needs: “I Am, Relational, Cooperative”
Above the deficiency framework lies the realm of growth, a space where human motivation shifts from “I need” to “I am.” Growth needs, represented by self-actualization and transcendence, celebrate the evolving nature of humanity. These needs resonate with relational and cooperative dynamics, fostering a mindset of mutuality.
Where deficiency needs compel individuals to secure resources or recognition, growth needs call us toward connection, curiosity, and contribution. A self-actualized person seeks not only personal satisfaction but also opportunities to improve society. Similarly, corporations or nations operating from this paradigm might prioritize sustainability, ethical practices, or global solidarity. They recognize that fulfillment arises not from scarcity but abundance—of ideas, collaboration, and shared purpose.
Mediation as a Bridge Between Needs
The negotiation of needs often lies at the heart of human conflict. Mediation can offer a vital bridge, creating space to recognize and resolve these needs across multiple layers of interaction. Whether in a personal relationship, a corporate boardroom, or the international stage, mediation works by uncovering mutual interests beneath competing positions.
For instance, in corporate disputes over resource use, mediation can reveal that both parties share a need for security—one side emphasizing financial stability and the other environmental preservation. By reframing the issue as shared rather than oppositional, mediation encourages cooperation, where solutions satisfy the deeper concerns of all involved.
At a national or international level, mediation fosters understanding of how “deficiency needs” (such as economic protectionism) create apparent barriers to cooperation. By shifting focus to growth-oriented goals, like mutual prosperity or global welfare, mediation paves the way for sustainable resolutions.
Radical Conflict Resolution and the Analysis of Unmet Needs
Radical conflict resolution involves digging deeper, probing the foundational unmet needs that drive tension. Instead of lingering on surface positions—what people demand—it asks, “Why? What need lies beneath this demand, and how is it not being met?”
By removing judgment and argument, this approach dismantles the narratives that sustain division. For example, in familial disputes, one might ask, “What fear is driving this anger? Is it a fear of rejection? A longing for validation?” Similarly, in geopolitical conflicts, understanding how unmet needs like security or autonomy fuel hostility can help reframing efforts pivot toward constructive solutions.
This practice requires humility and deliberate listening. Take a corporate setting where employees resist automation. A typical argument might pit the efficiency-focused corporate management team against workers worried about job security. But by non-judgmentally unpacking the fear—“What wound is talking here?”—we might uncover that workers need reassurance about their relevance, dignity, and future. Addressing these needs through reskilling programs or participatory decision-making could defuse the tension creatively.
Deconstructing Frames and Reframing Conflicts
At its core, reframing requires the courage to change the lens through which a situation is viewed. Instead of judging adversarial positions, one deconstructs the frames that shaped them. For instance, in debates about climate action, a reframing exercise might focus not on one side’s “ignorance” or another’s “stubborn idealism,” but on mutual fears—of economic collapse, of environmental disaster—and the overarching shared need for survival and adaptation.
Reframing is not about winning or being “right.” It’s an effort to hear the wound in the other’s voice and honor the shared humanity beneath. Asking questions like, “What unmet need is driving this cliam?” reintroduces empathy and clarity into polarized discussions, opening doors to solutions hidden by entrenched frames.
Toward a Future of Integration
Maslow’s hierarchy, especially with the added integration of growth needs, reminds us that human fulfillment operates on multiple levels. Deficiency concerns compel action, while growth aspirations fuel purpose. Mediation and conflict resolution practices can harmonize these spheres, ensuring that unmet needs do not fester into fears and conflicts.
By asking ourselves and others the fundamental questions—“What need is speaking? What fear is guiding this?”—we can move closer to not just resolving conflict but transforming it. This approach, rooted in empathy and mutual recognition, can guide humanity toward a cooperative, sustainable future where both “I want” and “I am” have their rightful place.
Applying Mediation Model to the “Woke” and “MAGA” Debates
The political and cultural polarization between the “woke” and “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) movements in the U.S. is often viewed as a clash of ideologies, values, or tribal identities. However, when examined through the lens of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (as expanded by Debra Oliver), these debates can be understood as expressions of unmet human needs—both deficiency and growth-based. By analyzing these movements with empathy and an eye for underlying motivations, we can begin to identify pathways toward constructive dialogue and potential resolution.
Deficiency Needs in the Woke and MAGA Movements
At their core, deficiency needs arise from a sense of lacking something essential—safety, belonging, esteem, or security. Both the woke and MAGA movements are partly driven by these concerns, though each emphasizes different areas of need.
- Woke Movement – Seeking Equity and Belonging The “woke” movement is rooted in a call for social justice, equity, and recognition of historically marginalized groups. Behind this push lies a need for safety and belonging. Communities advocating for racial, gender, and economic equity often do so in response to systems that have denied them these essentials. The movement reflects a collective cry to address the pain of exclusion, discrimination, and a lack of esteem within larger societal frameworks. For example, many participants in the woke movement may feel that systemic inequalities threaten their ability to fully self-actualize. Whether it’s fear of police violence, barriers to opportunity, or cultural erasure, these concerns emerge from deficiency needs—seeking acknowledgment, safety, and inclusion within the social fabric.
- MAGA Movement – Returning to Security and Esteem The MAGA movement draws heavily on themes of security, tradition, and national pride. Its slogan, “Make America Great Again,” reflects a perceived loss of stability or status. Many MAGA supporters express a sense of cultural or economic displacement, fearing they are being left behind in a rapidly changing world. Their calls to protect borders, resist globalization, or uphold traditional values reflect a response to unmet needs for safety, community, and respect. For many, these concerns are deeply personal. Economic insecurity, the erosion of local industries, or shifts in cultural norms can evoke a competitive, scarcity-based mindset—protecting what remains feels essential to survival. This narrative also aligns with a deficiency need for esteem, as individuals or groups may feel their way of life is no longer valued or respected in broader society.
Growth Needs in Both Movements
While both movements are rooted in deficiency concerns, they also exhibit aspirations aligned with growth needs—self-actualization and the pursuit of purpose.
- Woke Movement engages in relational and cooperative growth by striving for an inclusive society where diverse voices contribute to collective progress. It envisions a world where individuals are empowered to transcend barriers and fulfill their potential.
- MAGA Movement, at its best, speaks to identity and the desire for national pride. It seeks a vision where community and tradition are preserved, fostering a sense of unity and belonging.
When these growth aspirations are clouded by unaddressed deficiency needs (fear or a lack of security), the result is often heightened conflict rather than cooperation.
Mediation for Recognition and Mutual Needs
One path forward in these debates is mediation, which seeks to recognize and negotiate mutual needs. By focusing on interests rather than positions, mediation can uncover shared goals among seemingly opposing groups. For instance:
- Shared Need for Security: Both movements express concerns about security—whether economic, cultural, or physical. Recognizing this commonality could shift the discussion from “whose safety matters more?” to “how can we ensure security for all?”
- Shared Need for Belonging: Both sides seek inclusion, albeit defined differently. Mediation could explore how a society might foster a sense of belonging across diverse identities and values without diminishing the other.
At the corporate or organizational scale, these ideas are parallel to workplace discussions on diversity and inclusion. Mediators often facilitate conversations where majority voices fear erosion of tradition while minority voices seek acknowledgment of systemic inequities. Similarly, national and cultural discourse must create safe spaces for both groups to express their fears and desires without judgment.
Radical Conflict Resolution and Unmet Needs
Radical conflict resolution goes deeper, analyzing what unmet needs anchor each side’s grievances. For example:
- Fear and Wounds in the Woke Movement: Questions such as “What wound is talking there?” reveal that, for many, the pain stems from generational legacies of exclusion—of being unseen and unheard. Radical conflict resolution demands recognition of these traumas and honest acknowledgment of systemic biases before moving forward.
- Fear and Wounds in the MAGA Movement: Similarly, it is vital to ask, “What fear is driving that claim?” among MAGA advocates. Often, this fear is of erasure—cultural, economic, or demographic. The swift pace of societal change may leave some feeling unprepared and abandoned. Resolution cannot emerge without addressing this wound respectfully, without labeling it as mere backwardness or ignorance.
Deconstructing Frames to Reframe the Debate
Reframing requires breaking down judgmental or oppositional narratives. It focuses on shared humanity, not entrenched positions. Consider the following examples of deconstruction and reframing:
- The Woke Frame may interpret MAGA rhetoric as regressive or intolerant. Reframing might ask, “What loss is being expressed here? What values do MAGA supporters fear are slipping away?”
- The MAGA Frame might view woke activism as destructive or overly radical. Reframing could involve asking, “What pain is driving these efforts? How might acknowledgment soothe this?”
When the framing shifts from accusing the other of malice or ignorance to understanding the needs that are speaking—fear, loss, belonging—the conversation becomes less about victory and more about healing.
Bridging the Divide
Through the lens of Maslow’s hierarchy, the woke and MAGA debates reveal themselves as struggles for survival, esteem, and purpose. Their fault lines come not from irreconcilable values but from unaddressed needs. Mediating these divides requires more than debate—it demands active listening, radical empathy, and a willingness to ask difficult questions about what lies beneath.
By non-judgmentally deconstructing these frames, we may start to integrate the deficiency and growth perspectives into a shared vision for the future. A practical first step might be simply asking, “What unmet need is talking here and now?” Only then can the U.S. move closer to resolving one of its most polarizing conflicts with understanding and cooperation.
This essay draws from ideas presented in
Transformations Cafe with Debra Oliver June 2023 .
However, the author is solely responsible for any errors or misrepresentation of the proposed mediation model.
Healing America
“MAY THE LOVE OF THE ONE SOUL RADIATE UPON YOU, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND PERMEATE EVERY PART OF YOUR BODY, HEALING, SOOTHING, STRENGTHENING; AND DISSIPATING ALL THAT HINDERS SERVICE AND GOOD HEALTH.”
–https://hierarchicaldemocracy.blog/2020/11/07/healing-america/